Learning Support General Guide Learning Support General Guide  
  University Home Page > Student & Learning Support Portfolio > Student Services > Learning Support > Learning Support General Guide Go to Quickfinder Go to our Contacts Page Search our site Go to Internal site

Learning Support Home
Library Style Guides

Main Page
Table of contents
Introduction
Plagiarism
Format & Structure
Layout & appearance
Written epression
Citation
APA Citation Style
MLA citation style
Australian citation style
Chicago note citation style
Search


How to construct full citations (Australian)

Displayed below are examples of how to construct full citations in Australian style for some common categories of source material. When constructing citations, note the spacing, punctuation and italicisation as applied in the formats and examples. To see a selection of these examples displayed as a list ('References'), see How to list full citations (Australian).

Formats and examples

Article, hard copy journal

Format

Author, AA Year, 'Article title: subtitle', Journal Name, vol. #, no. #, pp. #-#.

Example
Shaw, M 1996, 'A closer look at mushroom poisonings', Laboratory Medicine, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 323-8.
Article, online journal

Format

Author, AA Year, 'Article title: subtitle', Journal Name, vol. #, no. #, viewed Day Month Year, <URL>.

Example
Gillham, D 2002, 'Online delivery of nurse education', Australian Electronic Journal of Nursing Education, vol. 8, no. 1, viewed 26 July 2006, <http://www.scu.edu.au/schools/nhcp/aejne/>.
Article, subscription database

Format

Author, AA Year, 'Article title: subtitle', Name of Journal, vol. #, pp. #-#, Database Name, viewed Day Month Year, <URL>.

Example
Freimer, GR & Perry, MM 1986, 'Student problems with documentation', Journal of Academic Librarianship, vol. 11, pp. 350-4, Business Source Premier database, viewed 2 February 2005, <http://www.epnet.com/>.
Article, print newspaper

Format

Author, AA Year, 'Article title', Newspaper, Day Month, p. #.

Example
Gawenda, M 2006, 'A friend indeed?', Sydney Morning Herald, 27 July, p. 15.
Article, online media outlet

Format

'Article title' Year, Name of Media Outlet, 27 July, viewed Day Month Year, <URL>.

Example
'Vaile to discuss future as Trade Minister' 2006, ABC News Online, 27 July, viewed 30 July 2006, <http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200607/s1698124.htm>.
Book, single author

Format

Author, AA Year, Title: subtitle, Publisher, Place.

Example
Marks, L 1998, Between silk and cyanide: the story of SOE's code war, HarperCollins, London.
Book, two authors

Format

Author, AA & Author, BB Year, Title: subtitle, Publisher, Place.

Example
Harrison, RP & Saw, DL 1971, Country style: life in rural Tennessee, Globe, Chicago.
Book, three or more authors

Format

Author, AA, Author BB & Author CC Year, Title: subtitle, Publisher, Place.

Example
Worley, CG, Hitchin, DE & Ross, WL 1996, Integrated strategic change, Addison-Wesley: New York.
Book, chapter in an edited collection

Format

Author, AA Year, 'Chapter title', in BB Editor (ed.), Title of book, Publisher, Place, pp. #-#.

Example
Dobben, JP 2001, 'The Hudson', in GT Reed (ed.), Rivers, Gull, New York, pp. 3-9.
Conference paper published in proceedings

Format

Author, AA Year, 'Title of paper', Title of Proceedings, Publisher, Place, pp. #-#.

Example
Millward, C 2003, 'The Growing Up in Australia study content', Proceedings: 8th Australian Institute of Family Studies Conference, Melbourne, 12-14 February 2003, Australian Institute of Family Studies, Melbourne, pp. 9-22.
DVD or video

Format

Title Year of release, Format, Production Company, Place; distributed by Distribution Company Year of distribution (if relevant). Any useful credits.

Example
Vertigo 1958, DVD, Paramount Pictures, USA; distributed by Universal Home Entertainment 2003. Produced and directed by Alfred Hitchcock.
No author

Construct citation in the same way as a work with an author, but begin with the title. (The examples below are for a book and a newspaper where no author can be established.)

Format

Title of book Year, Publisher, Place.

Example
Survival skills when living away from home 1999, Green Press, New York.

Format

'Title of article' Year, Newspaper Name, Day Month, p. #.

Example
'Meddling claims by Ortega' 2006, The Australian, 13 May, p. 11.
No date

Construct citation in the same way as a work with a known date, but use the abbreviation 'n.d.' (for 'no date') in place of the publication date. (The example below is for a book where no author can be established.)

Format

Author, AA n.d., Title of book, Publisher, Place.

Example
Bakhita, A n.d., Typefaces in industry, Woollcott, London.
Online sites/pages, general

Format

Author, AA/Agency Year, Title of work, Name of sponsor of source, Place of sponsor of source, viewed Day Month Year, <URL>.

Examples
Department of Human Services, Victoria 2006, Environmental policy, Department of Human Services, Melbourne, viewed 27 July 2006, <http://www.dhs.vic.gov.au/operations/html/dis_action.htm>.
Mogg, K 2006, 'The MacGuffin' web page, viewed 27 July 2006, <http://www.labyrinth.net.au/~muffin/>.
Devlin, M 2004, Avoiding plagiarism and cheating, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, viewed 7 January 2005, <http://www.swin.edu.au/corporate/Webmanager/plagiarism/plagiarism
-guide.pdf>.
Report, hard copy

Format

Agency/Corporation/Government name Year, Title of report, series name and number, Publisher, Place.

Example
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2004, Australia's health 2004, AIHW cat. no. AUS 44, AIHW, Canberra.
Report, accessed online

Format

Agency/Corporation/Government name Year, Title of report, series name and number, viewed Day Month Year, <URL>.

Examples
Australian Bureau of Statistics 2004, Australian social trends, cat. no. 4102.0, viewed 20 July 2004, <http://www.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/
abs@.nsf/Previousproducts/4102.0Media%20Release22004?opendocument
&tabname=Summary&prodno=4102.0&issue=2004&num=&view>.
Coles Myer Ltd 2006, Annual report 2005, viewed 11 May 2006, <http://www.colesmyer.com/library/Investors/FinancialReports/
2005/annual_report_2005.pdf>.