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Most citation styles are based on either the 'in text system' or the 'note system'. Styles based on the in text system (sometimes referred to as 'author-date' or 'Harvard') mark the place in the text where a source has been used by inserting a short reference (author's name, year of publication or page number). The example below is based on APA style. A later study (Axton, 2000) reported that this is likely to produce mixed results. The full citation is presented at the end of the document in an alphabetically arranged list. Axton, E. D. (2000). Research theory. Melbourne: Penguin. Styles based on the note system use a number or symbol as a place marker in the text, which directs the reader to a short reference to the source (author and title) in a note (footnote or endnote). The example below is based on Chicago note style. A later study reported that this will produce mixed results.1 ________________ 1 Axton, Research Theory. The full citation is presented at the end of the document in an alphabetically arranged list. Axton, E. D. Research Theory. Melbourne: Penguin, 2000. The following four citation styles are accepted for use at the University of Ballarat:
You will be advised which citation style to use by the lecturer and/or School responsible for each task. Note that it is important not to mix styles within a piece of work. An overview of each of the four styles, including some basic rules and examples, follows. Note that the examples provided have been chosen to provide an overview of general principles and are not exhaustive; some units may require citation of specialised material not included here. For specific cases not covered, please visit your campus library to consult the manual for that particular style.
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